AP PHYSICS B
Chapter Five Concept Notes

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Chapter Fifteen

5.1- Uniform Circular Motion

· Uniform circular motion is the motion of an object traveling at a constant speed on a circular path.

· The period T is the amount of time required to travel once around the circle, that is, to make one complete revolution.

· Centripetal acceleration occurs when the acceleration points towards the center.

5.2- Centripetal Acceleration

· When an object is released from a path of circular motion, it continues to move in a straight line.

· During centripetal acceleration, the object is constantly accelerating towards the center.

· The smaller the radius of the circular path is, the smaller the centripetal acceleration.

· An object in uniform circular motion can never be at equilibrium.

5.3- Centripetal Force

· The net force causing centripetal acceleration is called centripetal force.

· The centripetal force points in the same direction as the centripetal acceleration- towards the center.

· The smaller the circular arc is, the smaller the centripetal force required to produce the centripetal acceleration must be.

· Greater speeds and tighter turns require greater centripetal forces.

5.4- Banked Curves

· The angle at which a friction-free curve is banked depends on the radius of the curve and the speed at which the curve is to be negotiated.

· Greater speeds and smaller radii require more steeply banked curves, or larger angles.

5.5- Satellites In Circular Orbits

· Satellites in circular orbits, have uniform circular motion.

· These satellites are kept on path by a centripetal force provided by the gravitational pull of the Earth.

· The closer the satellite is to Earth, the smaller the radius of the orbit will be. The orbital speed must be greater as well.

· When determining orbital speed, mass does not matter.

5.6- Apparent Weightlessness & Artificial Gravity

· The condition of apparent weightlessness is similar to what occurs in an elevator during its free-fall.

· Objects in uniform circular motion constantly accelerate, or "fall" towards the center of the circle, in order to remain on the circular path.

· The apparent weight in a satellite is zero.

· The surface of the rotating object pushes on any objects it contacts, and thereby provides the centripetal force that keeps the object moving on a circular path.

 

5.7- Vertical Circular Motion

· At each point on a vertical circle, the centripetal force is the net sum of all the force components oriented along the radial direction and pointed toward the center of the circle.

· At the bottom of a vertical circle, the normal force and the weight oppose one another.

· At the top, the normal force and weight reinforce one another.

· At points 2 and four on the sides, the weight is tangent to the circle and has no component pointing towards the center.